微生物檢驗的常用功能室配置包括：無菌室、限度室和陽性室。本文我們主要圍繞限度室和陽性室進行探討。陽性室和限度室都是微生物實驗室的重要組成部分。限度室是提供一個相對潔凈的環境供檢測用的，實驗內容主要是限度檢查，即測試規定量樣品中含菌量。陽性室是提供一個固定的空間操作有菌的檢測，實驗內容為陽性對照和一些加菌試驗或檢測。

Common functional room configurations for microbiological testing include: sterile room, limit room and positive room. In this paper, we mainly discuss the limit room and positive room. Positive room and limit room are important components of microbiological laboratory. The limit room is designed to provide a relatively clean environment for testing. The main content of the experiment is limit inspection, that is, testing the bacterial content in the specified amount of samples. The positive room is to provide a fixed space to operate the detection of bacteria, and the experimental contents include positive control and some additional bacteria tests or tests.

限度室需配備的主要設備：

Main equipment to be equipped in the limit room:

超凈工作臺(或者隔離器)，一般薄膜過濾系統，振搖儀(也可以手動振搖不需要配置，根據企業情況)，混合器。

Ultra-clean workbench (or isolator), general membrane filtration system, shaker (or manual shaker is not required, depending on the enterprise's situation), mixer.

陽性室需配備的主要設備：

Main equipment to be equipped in the positive room:

生物安全柜，混合器，高壓滅菌器。

Biosafety cabinet, mixer, autoclave.

因為限度室的樣品可能含菌，而陽性室的樣品基本上要加菌(如殺菌劑的殺菌效果，就要在殺菌劑中添加一定量的菌液)。所以限度室和陽性室不能混用，有條件需要分開建設，否則在陽性室做限度檢查會出現假陽性;在限度室做有菌的檢測會污染限度室的環境。另外限度室不是做無菌檢測的。

Because the sample in the limit room may contain bacteria, while the sample in the positive room basically needs to be added with bacteria (for example, the bactericidal effect of the bactericide requires adding a certain amount of bacterial solution to the bactericide). Therefore, the limit room and the positive room cannot be mixed. If conditions permit, they need to be constructed separately, otherwise the false positive will occur when the limit test is conducted in the positive room; Detection of bacteria in the limit room will pollute the environment of the limit room. In addition, the limit room is not used for sterility testing.

陽性對照室設計建設經驗

Experience in design and construction of positive control room

1.陽性菌室：為防止室內的有菌空氣倒流入緩沖道，對潔凈室造成污染.因此，要設計成陽性菌室相對室外大氣壓≥10Pa;相對緩沖道要呈負壓，一般≥5Pa即可。

1. Positive bacteria room: in order to prevent the indoor bacteria air from flowing back into the buffer channel and causing pollution to the clean room, the positive bacteria room should be designed to have a relative outdoor atmospheric pressure ≥ 10Pa; The relative buffer channel should be negative pressure, generally ≥ 5Pa.

2.一更的潔凈度可以不做要求，普遍做送風但也可將潔凈度設置成萬級。一更內可以設洗手盆也可以設手消毒器(房間太小設洗手盆不方便的情況下使用)。一更內設紫外線殺菌燈，一更對更鞋應保持正壓。

2. A higher cleanliness may not be required. Air supply is generally used, but the cleanliness can also be set to 10000. The first watch can be equipped with a wash basin or a hand disinfector (used when the room is too small to set a wash basin). A UV germicidal lamp is set in the first shift, and the first shift shoes should be kept under positive pressure.

3.二更的潔凈度為萬級，二更對一更應保持不小于10Pa的正壓。二更內設紫外線殺菌燈。

3. The cleanliness of the second shift is Class 10000, and the second shift to the first shift should maintain a positive pressure of not less than 10Pa. The second watch is equipped with ultraviolet germicidal lamp.

4.陽性對照室的潔凈度為萬級，陽性對照室相對二更應保持相對負壓。在陽性對照室內設生物安全柜(也有用垂直層流工作臺的)。陽性對照室內應設紫外線殺菌燈。陽性對照室與準備間之間設帶紫外線燈的傳遞窗(有條件的可以選帶凈化送風的傳遞窗)。

4. The cleanliness of the positive control room is Grade 10000, and the positive control room should maintain a relative negative pressure relative to the second. The positive control room is equipped with a biosafety cabinet (also available with a vertical laminar flow workbench). UV germicidal lamp shall be set in the positive control room. A transfer window with ultraviolet light is set between the positive control room and the preparation room (the transfer window with purified air supply can be selected if conditions permit).

5.更鞋區沒有特殊要求。

5. There are no special requirements for shoe changing area.

6.準備間內設洗滌槽和紫外線燈。準備間可以安裝普通空調。準備間內通常設邊臺。

6. The preparation room is equipped with washing tank and ultraviolet lamp. The preparation room can be equipped with ordinary air conditioner. The preparation room is usually equipped with side tables.

7.一更、二更、陽性對照三個房間可以用一個凈化送風系統，此系統為全新風系統，空氣不能循環利用。排風可以直接排到室外，但排風需經過濾后再排到室外。室內溫濕度控制在18-26℃，40-60%。照度不低于300Lux。

7. A purified air supply system can be used in the three rooms of the first change, the second change and the positive control. This system is a fresh air system, and the air cannot be recycled. The exhaust air can be directly discharged to the outside, but the exhaust air needs to be filtered before being discharged to the outside. The indoor temperature and humidity shall be controlled at 18-26 ℃ and 40-60%. The illumination shall not be less than 300Lux.

8.地面采用PVC地面，圍護結選用合適的彩鋼板。陽性室中使用的各類菌種存在污染周邊環境及操作人員潔凈服、檢驗物品表面等風險。這個問題需要基于企業實際的廠房實際情況分析(如人流、物流進出通道，不共用更衣和潔凈走廊。

8. The ground is made of PVC, and the enclosure is made of appropriate color steel plate. All kinds of bacteria used in the positive room may pollute the surrounding environment, clean clothes for operators and the surface of inspection items. This problem needs to be analyzed based on the actual situation of the enterprise's plant (such as the flow of people and logistics access, not sharing the dressing and cleaning corridors.

微生物實驗室裝修必須遵循安全和經濟并存的原則，尤其是生物安全類實驗場所的建設，設計單位應從生物安全以及交叉污染可能影響實驗結果等角度考慮，保證各區域單向流空氣區、工作臺面及內部環境達標。更多相關內容就來我們網站http://www.xinrungy.com進行咨詢！

The decoration of microbiological laboratory must follow the principle of coexistence of safety and economy, especially the construction of biosafety experimental sites. The design unit should consider from the perspective of biosafety and cross pollution that may affect the experimental results, so as to ensure that the one-way flow air area, working table and internal environment of each area meet the standard. Come to our website for more relevant content http://www.xinrungy.com Consult!